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nonstandard element

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  • New Foundations — In mathematical logic, New Foundations (NF) is an axiomatic set theory, conceived by Willard Van Orman Quine as a simplification of the theory of types of Principia Mathematica. Quine first proposed NF in a 1937 article titled New Foundations for …   Wikipedia

  • Peano axioms — In mathematical logic, the Peano axioms, also known as the Dedekind Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are a set of axioms for the natural numbers presented by the 19th century Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano. These axioms have been used… …   Wikipedia

  • Non-standard analysis — Abraham Robinson Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz argued tha …   Wikipedia

  • Hyperreal number — *R redirects here. For R*, see Rockstar Games. The system of hyperreal numbers represents a rigorous method of treating the infinite and infinitesimal quantities. The hyperreals, or nonstandard reals, *R, are an extension of the real numbers R… …   Wikipedia

  • analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …   Universalium

  • Real number — For the real numbers used in descriptive set theory, see Baire space (set theory). For the computing datatype, see Floating point number. A symbol of the set of real numbers …   Wikipedia

  • Non-standard model of arithmetic — In mathematical logic, a nonstandard model of arithmetic is a model of (first order) Peano arithmetic that contains nonstandard numbers. The standard model of arithmetic consists of the set of standard natural numbers {0, 1, 2, …}. The elements… …   Wikipedia

  • Boolean algebras canonically defined — Boolean algebras have been formally defined variously as a kind of lattice and as a kind of ring. This article presents them more neutrally but equally formally as simply the models of the equational theory of two values, and observes the… …   Wikipedia

  • Golden ratio base — is a non standard positional numeral system that uses the golden ratio (an irrational number ≈1.61803... symbolized by the Greek letter φ) as its base. It is sometimes referred to as base φ, golden mean base, phi base, or, colloquially, phinary.… …   Wikipedia

  • 0.999... — In mathematics, the repeating decimal 0.999... (which may also be written as 0.9, , 0.(9), or as 0. followed by any number of 9s in the repeating decimal) denotes a real number that can be shown to be the number one. In other words, the symbols 0 …   Wikipedia

  • Non-standard arithmetic — In mathematical logic, a nonstandard model of arithmetic is a model of (first order) Peano arithmetic that contains nonstandard numbers. The standard model of arithmetic consists of the set of standard natural numbers {0, 1, 2, hellip;}. The… …   Wikipedia

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